Design of steering system for all terrain vehicle akshay pawar1, suraj zambare2 1,2 department of mechanical engineering, sinhgad academy of engineering, kondhawa abstract the steering system is a vital component of the vehicle as well as the driver interface. Pdf design and analysis of steering knuckle component. Tire characteristics tire friction and traction the first thing a tire must do is generate a force at the tire footprint which serves to accelerate, stop and turn your race car. Steering knuckle is connected to the axle housing by using king pin. In theory if the steering rack is positioned so the tie rods are parallel with the axle. Additionally, concepts in the way of 3d models have been established for the suspension and.
The existing design and dimensions of a passenger car were studied to develop the steering knuckle model in. Unit one steering system design 44 a4u1l3 rackandpinion steering gear today most vehicles use a rackandpinion steering system. Abstract the main aim of this paper is to design the steering system for a formula sae vehicle. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula. In this article, i am going to publish the detailed design procedure for knuckle joint. The steering arms are shaped in such a way that they facilitate the more efficient turning of the vehicle without the tires hitting any of the wheel or the steering mechanism.
How to calculate forces coming on knuckle baja tutor. Design and optimization of a formula sae vehicle a major qualifying project submitted to the faculty of worcester polytechnic institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in bachelor of science in mechanical engineering by. These components cannot be arranged on the same axis due to the vehicle design limitations. Design and analysis of steering knuckle component for. The upright also locates these components in space. This problem can be solved by redesigning the steering knuckle. Javir4 1,2,3,4department of mechanical engineering 1,2,3,4rajendra mane college of engineering and technology, ambav, mumbai university abstract the formula sae series competition gives. The main objective of this work is to explore performance opportunities, in the design and production of a steering knuckle. Types of uspension s system used in automobiles suspension systems can be broadly classified into two subgroups dependent and independent. Steering system with the steer arms to the rear of the front axle steering arm angle saa the steer arm angle, especially with a rear steer car, is one of the primary ways to achieve ackerman. The calculations for steering wheel toque as follows.
Steering ratio is the ratio of input from the steering wheel in degrees to the output on the wheels in degrees. Figure 9 initial front knuckle design in solid edge the knuckle was then feaed in fempro algor and solidworks cosmosxpress for failure in steering loads and failure in spindle shear loads. The upright or knuckle attaches the wheel, brake rotor, hub, brake caliper and steering arm to the vehicle as shown in diagram ku1 below. The procedure for a static analysis consists of three main steps. Design and development of steering knuckle with spindle and. Inner angle 33 design of ackerman steering geometry by putting all these values we got, r 3. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension system. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods and design of experiments. Completion of the project has seen the design of geometry for the suspension arms, suspension actuation mechanisms, uprights as well as the steering rack and arms.
The literature available has increased multifold over the past decade and multiple forms of design structures, fea methods. The 20152016 sae baja team would like to thank the following people for their contributions to this mqp. Keywords steering knuckle, vehicle, design, modeling, analysis. Professor planchard for his effort in pushing us to our limits and advising us to produce the best vehicle possible. Steering knuckle is the pivot point of the steering and suspension system, which allows the front wheels to turn and also allow the movement of suspension arms motion. Design the joint and specify the dimensions of its components. The other, more recent, design of disc brake caliper is the sliding or fist type caliper figure 5. When there is a requirement of a small amount of flexibility or angular moment, knuckle joint is used. The main focus is to design a steering system such as to counter bump and roll steer and ensure proper response to high speed and low speed turns. In automotive suspension, a steering knuckle is that part which contains the wheel hub or spindle, and attaches to the suspension components. To permit the wheels to be turned by the steering gear, the steering spindle and steering knuckle assemblies are hinged on the end of axle. Steering knuckle plays major role in many direction control of the vehicle it is also linked with other linkages and supports the vertical weight of the car.
The objective of steering system is to provide directional control of the vehicle, to withstand high stress in off terrain conditions, to reduce steering effort and to provide good. Now design steering geometries for different values iterations of inner wheel angle i at which ackerman condition is. The design process consists of first determining the steering. How to calculate steering system parameters like steering. Through the calculations we can find out that for a turn of. Design and development of steering knuckle with spindle. Design and manufacturing of knuckle for an electric all. Movement of steering wheel by the driver should cause an accurate response of the road wheels. Design and analysis of knuckle and hub of fsae race car. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea racer car a dissertation submitted by cristina elena popa in fulfilment of the requirements of courses eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering mechanical submitted. Design and simulation of manual rack and pinion steering system. Research paper design, development and structural analysis of universal joint 1dhananjay s kolekar, 2abhay m.
In the design optimization of the knuckle component, a weight should be minimized, while design factors such as strength, stiffness and durability should be satisfied with design targets. The mechanical design of the steering system to produce correct toeout in the turn will also be discussed. Design and optimization of the steering system of a. Design and analysis of steering knuckle component ijert.
Design and optimization of the steering system of a formula. This study aims to redesign the steering knuckle in order to reduce the weight while retaining a satisfactory safety factor for better performance of the vehicle. Dimensions can be determined using these empirical relations and the strength equations can be then used as a check. The toeout is secured by providing the proper relationship between the steering knuckle arms, tie rods. He was vital in our engineering design and in bringing both the. The design of the knuckle is usually done considering the various forces acting on it which involves all the forces generated by the road reaction on the wheel when the vehicle is in motion. Therefore, it requires high precision, quality, and durability. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods. Each cad and any associated text, image or data is in no way sponsored by or affiliated with any company, organization or realworld item, product, or good it may purport to portray. The pin that forms the pivot of this hinge is known as king pin or steering knuckle pin. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using. These materials have high yield strength but the weight of the material is more. Then the stress analysis was performed using analysis. Two of the most common steering system designs used in vehicles today are the pitman arm and the rack and pinion.
The capacity of the guiding knuckle is to change over straight movement of the tie pole into rakish movement of the stub hub. In this section of this guide on how car steering systems work, we will try to explore a little more about these two types of steering system designs. There are two axial load acting on the steering knuckle such as tensile load and. Introduction the steering system is group of parts that transmit the movement of steering wheel to the front wheels.
This is done for finding out the minimum stress area. A knuckle joint is used to connect two rods which are under a tensile load. The steering system and steering column are the one of the most important devices of an automobile. Design and analysis of hub and knuckle of fsae race car mr. Looking for downloadable 3d printing models, designs, and cad files. The design of steering knuckle component is done with the help of computer aided engineering cae. The light weight and high strength component is always in demanding for. Structural optimization of a knuckle with consideration of. Pdf on sep 28, 2018, v s shaisundaram and others published design. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea.
Design of steering knuckle final result and finish a calculation of load fig. Modeling and analysis of steering knuckle steering knuckle model of light utility vehicle luv is modeled in catia with. The computeraided design cad files and all associated content posted to this website are created, uploaded, managed and owned by third party users. Now, design is made of final component, by considering module m 1.
Dependent suspension system a dependent suspension normally has a beam or live axle that holds wheels parallel to each. William kinkead, me connor morette, me adrian pickering, me zachary sears, me james waldo, me. Pdf design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle. Problem definition steering knuckle requires lots of attention in selection because once it is damaged then it have to replace with the new one. This compromise allowed for the uprights to incorporate the necessary moment arm to achieve the maximum wheel angle based upon the selected steering rack. Design and analysis of hub and knuckle of fsae race car. Steering knuckle is the most stress sustaining and critical component of all terrain vehicle atv.
Design and analysis of steering knuckle component for terrain vehicle article pdf available september 2018 with 2,153 reads how we measure reads. The design of the steering knuckle model prepare in creo 2. The percent can be calculated but based on the fact that parallel steer is 0%, and 100% is when the steering arms can. Redesign of an fsae race cars steering and suspension. Paper open access related content analysis of steering. The steering arms serve to transform the back and forth motion produced by the steering linkage into a rotating motion to be executed by the steering knuckle. The intermediate shaft connects the steering shaft to the steering pinion. Arm base is a part of steering knuckle, to which the tie rods are attached. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using numerical methods and design of experiments 1mahendra l. Design analysis and optimization of steering knuckle using. It is required to design a knuckle joint connect two circular rods subjected to an axial tensile force of 50 kn.
Pdf design and analysis of steering knuckle component for. Steering wheel lock to lock angle is the total rotating capacity of the steering wheel i. After two days of testing and a rollover, a knuckle was failed as shown in figure 10. This project focuses on optimization of steering knuckle targeting reducing weight as objective function with required strength, frequency and stiffness. Such movement is produced by gearing and linkage between the steering wheel and steering knuckle to control the direction stability of the vehicle using steering system, the forcemoment analysis is important. Save on steering knuckle parts with great deals at advance auto parts. Khairnar 1mtech scholar, 2assistant professor 1,2department of mechanical engineering, 1,2veermata jijabai technological institute, mumbai, india. The components like brake calipers, tie rod, ball joint, upper arm and lower arm. Design variables t 1 and t 2 were defined, respectively, to include the joint between the outer tie rod and knuckle to the shape design variables and design variables t 3, t 4, t.
Conclusion lighter weight of upright assembly and required stiffness is achieved by optimum design calculations and less complex design. Here, steering ratio shows the ratio of steering wheel. Some standard proportions for dimensions of the knuckle joint are taken as. Steering knuckle, stress analysis and finite element analysis fea. The steering knuckle accounts for maximum amount of weight of all suspension components, which requires high necessity of weight reduction.
First part of the study involves modeling of the steering knuckle with the design parameters using the latest modeling software, and also it includes the determination of loads acting on the steering knuckle as a function of time. The areas that are the most vulnerable in the stiffness and durability analyses are the joint of the outer tie rod and knuckle and the joint of the strut and knuckle. How much force the tire generates to do these things is a. The rods are coaxial and a small amount of angular movement between their axes is permissible. Knuckle design should have safety factor above three because it indicates that the project is indeed safety to get any loads.